Review Articles in 2017

Article Type

  • Perioperative events influence cancer recurrence take chances later surgery

    Despite the achievement of locoregional control, a third of patients undergoing surgery for cancer will take affliction recurrence. In this Review, the authors draw the potential to optimize the outcomes of patients with cancer by minimizing inflammation and activation of the sympathetic nervous organisation in the perioperative period, which is often achievable with unproblematic and cost-constructive changes in patient-management strategies.

    Review Article

  • Surgical oncology for gliomas: the state of the art

    Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment for patients with gliomas, independent of tumour class, and maximal resection of the neoplasm is essential for long-term illness control. Herein, the authors discuss the current prove on associations between the extent of glioma resection and clinical outcomes. They also describe the state-of-the-art surgical oncology approaches aimed at maximizing the extent of tumour resection while minimizing patient morbidity.

    • Nader Sanai
    • Mitchel Southward. Berger

    Review Article

  • Targeting RET-driven cancers: lessons from evolving preclinical and clinical landscapes

    The receptor-tyrosine kinase RET has been identified as a potentially actionable commuter of oncogenesis. Several multikinase inhibitors with activity against RET have been explored in the clinic, but take simply modest efficacy in patients with thyroid cancers, mostly in those withRET mutations, or RET-rearranged lung cancers. Herein, the authors outline the aberrations in RET that contribute to tumorigenesis, review the electric current clinical data for inhibitors of this kinase, and discuss whether the limited clinical success achieved with these agents to date is owing to the intractability of RET as a drug target or the lack of highly specific RET inhibitors.

    • Alexander Drilon
    • Zishuo I. Hu
    • Daniel Southward. W. Tan

    Review Article

  • Tumour heterogeneity and resistance to cancer therapies

    The onset of acquired resistance to treatment is most inevitable in patients with solid tumours. In this Review, the authors describe the function of neoplasm heterogeneity in the development of acquired resistance, potential handling strategies that take into account the heterogeneity of patient's tumours, and how a better understanding of tumour heterogeneity might ameliorate the outcomes of patients.

    • Ibiayi Dagogo-Jack
    • Alice T. Shaw

    Review Article

  • Drug development for noncastrate prostate cancer in a changed therapeutic mural

    Clinical trials are an essential aspect of drug development; yet, in patients with non-castrate prostate cancer, the long natural history of the disease provides a major barrier to the introduction of new therapies. In this Review, the authors describe the potential of a novel, multi-arm, multistage, clinical trial project, with surrogate finish points designed to fully reverberate the effects of treatments, in transforming the treatment of patients with early on stage prostate cancer, before the development of castration-resistant disease.

    • Min Yuen Teo
    • Matthew J. O'Shaughnessy
    • Howard I. Scher

    Review Article

  • Cholangiocarcinoma — evolving concepts and therapeutic strategies

    Cholangiocarcinoma, the second nearly mutual form of liver cancer after hepatocellular carcinoma, is a heterogeneous disease entity with a most-universal poor prognosis. Our understanding of the epidemiology and biology of cholangiocarcinoma is increasing, and importantly, potentially actionable molecular and immunological targets for novel therapies are increasingly beingness identified. Herein, the evolving developments in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and direction of cholangiocarcinoma are reviewed.

    • Sumera Rizvi
    • Shahid A. Khan
    • Gregory J. Gores

    Review Commodity

  • Radiomics: the span between medical imaging and personalized medicine

    Radiomics is the high-throughput mining of quantitative image features from standard-of-care medical imaging to enable data to exist extracted and applied inside clinical-decision support systems. The process of radiomics is described and its pitfalls, challenges, opportunities, and capacity to improve clinical decision making. The radiomics field requires standardized evaluation of scientific findings and their clinical relevance. This review provides guidance for investigations to meet this urgent need in the field of radiomics.

    • Philippe Lambin
    • Ralph T.H. Leijenaar
    • Sean Walsh

    Review Commodity

  • Patient-reported outcomes in cancer care — hearing the patient phonation at greater book

    In the past decade, the importance of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) equally a primal measure out of the quality of intendance delivered to patients with cancer has been best-selling. PROs were used in the context of research studies, but growing evidence indicates that the incorporation of electronic PRO (ePRO) assessments into standard health-care settings tin better the quality of care delivered to patients with cancer. The authors of this Review discuss aspects related to PROs such as measurements, implementation challenges, and outcome improvements associated with their use.

    • Thomas West. LeBlanc
    • Amy P. Abernethy

    Review Article

  • Therapeutic targeting of p53: all mutants are equal, but some mutants are more than equal than others

    TP53, encoding the tumour-suppressor p53, is the most oft mutated gene across all human cancers. Similar to other transcription factors, p53 has proved notoriously hard to target therapeutically; to date, no p53-targeted therapies have entered the clinic. The diversity ofTP53 mutations, which can be categorized across a spectrum of unlike functional classes, is increasingly recognized as an additional challenge to developing p53-directed treatments. Herein, Kanaga Sabapathy and David Lane review this 'rainbow of p53 mutants', and discuss the implications for anticancer therapies targeting p53 or directed past TP53status.

    • Kanaga Sabapathy
    • David P. Lane

    Review Article

  • Chimeric antigen receptor T-jail cell therapy — cess and management of toxicities

    Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapies are showing great hope in the handling of cancer, particularly B-cell malignancies, simply are associated with characteristic, potentially fatal toxicities, principally cytokine-release syndrome, Car-T-cell-related encephalopathy syndrome, and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage-activation syndrome. Herein, the Automobile-T-prison cell-therapy-associated TOXicity (CARTOX) Working Group, comprising multidisciplinary investigators from various institutions with clinical experience in the utilize of a range of Machine-T-cell platforms, review these acute toxicities and provide monitoring, grading, and direction recommendations.

    • Sattva Due south. Neelapu
    • Sudhakar Tummala
    • Elizabeth J. Shpall

    Review Commodity

  • Chimeric antigen receptor T-prison cell therapies for lymphoma

    Cell-based immunotherapies are showing bully promise in the treatment of even the most treatment-refractory of haematological malignancies. Herein, Jennifer Brudno and James Kochenderfer review the results obtained to date with CAR-T-cell therapies for lymphoma. They also discuss what has been learned regarding the limitations of Car-T-cell therapies and areas for comeback relating to toxicity management, the design of Auto-T-cell products, conditioning regimens, and combination therapies.

    • Jennifer North. Brudno
    • James Due north. Kochenderfer

    Review Article

  • Fusions in solid tumours: diagnostic strategies, targeted therapy, and acquired resistance

    A broad range of gene fusions accept been detected in solid tumours, and the products of these fusions, some of which result in constitutive activation of kinase signalling, can be targeted using tyrosine-kinase inhibitors. Withal, the development of acquired resistance is most inevitable. In this Review, the authors describe strategies used to diagnose and treat patients with fusion-positive cancers.

    • Alison K. Schram
    • Matthew T. Chang
    • Alexander Drilon

    Review Article

  • HER2-positive chest cancer is lost in translation: time for patient-centered research

    The development of predictive biomarkers is complex and the non-systematic approach to biomarker development in HER2-positive breast cancer challenges the mode translational enquiry is performed. Women with very favourable prognostic features will probable adopt shorter courses of handling and might ask about the possibility to forego aggressive chemotherapy. Because these legitimate needs, Gingras et al. review the results of more than a decade of translational research efforts in this disease.

    • Isabelle Gingras
    • Géraldine Gebhart
    • Martine Piccart-Gebhart

    Review Article

  • The immune contexture in cancer prognosis and treatment

    Most all successful treatments of cancer either create, restore or enhance the antitumour immune response. Therefore, the specific features of the immune microenvironment, both before and after handling, are important determinants of patients' outcomes. In this Review, the authors draw the influence of the immunological characteristics of the tumour microenvironment on responses to treatment in patients with a multifariousness of cancers.

    • Wolf H. Fridman
    • Laurence Zitvogel
    • Guido Kroemer

    Review Article

  • Antibody–drug conjugates in glioblastoma therapy: the right drugs to the right cells

    Few therapeutic options are currently available for patients with glioblastoma, which are associated with a poor prognosis. Therapies with monoclonal antibodies, alone or linked to cytotoxic payloads, are currently being explored in these patients. Herein, the authors summarize therapeutic strategies based on antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), targeted against EGFR, and discuss central aspects such as the blood–brain barrier, resistance mechanisms, and the development of specific biomarkers.

    • Hui K. Gan
    • Martin van den Bent
    • Andrew M. Scott

    Review Article

  • Precision medicine based on epigenomics: the paradigm of carcinoma of unknown primary

    The identification of the tissue of origin in patients with cancer of unknown master (Cup) is an case of how epigenomics tin be incorporated in clinical settings. Epigenetic and other molecularly-based diagnostic strategies have emerged to complement traditional diagnostic procedures, thereby improving the clinical management of patients with CUP. Herein, the authors present the latest information on strategies using epigenetics and other molecular biomarkers to guide therapeutic decisions involving patients with CUP, addressing a previously unmet need.

    • Sebastián Moran
    • Anna Martinez-Cardús
    • Manel Esteller

    Review Article

  • Monitoring immune-checkpoint blockade: response evaluation and biomarker development

    Patients receiving anticancer therapies based on immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) often experience clinical benefits from such treatments, but unconventional patterns of response can be observed, emphasizing the importance of using a specific approach to evaluating responses to immunotherapy. Herein, the authors review the biological mechanisms underlying the response patterns associated with ICB, depict strategies for the assessments of such responses, and highlight the ongoing efforts to identify biomarkers to guide treatment with ICB.

    • Mizuki Nishino
    • Nikhil H. Ramaiya
    • F. Stephen Hodi

    Review Article

  • Clinical utility of gene-expression signatures in early on phase breast cancer

    Patients with early stage chest cancer have traditionally been assigned adjuvant systemic therapies on the basis of the clinical and histological characteristics of their affliction. Nevertheless, this approach often leads to overtreatment. In this Review, the authors draw the utilize of cistron-expression signatures, some of which are already in clinical utilise, for determining the risks of recurrence and progression, and the most advisable class of adjuvant therapy.

    • Maryann Kwa
    • Andreas Makris
    • Francisco J. Esteva

    Review Commodity

  • Unravelling the biology of SCLC: implications for therapy

    For three decades, the handling of small-prison cell lung cancer (SCLC) has remained essentially unchanged, and patient outcomes remain dismal. In the past v years, all the same, advances in our agreement of the disease, at the molecular level, accept resulted in the development of new therapeutic strategies, encompassing immunotherapies and novel molecularly targeted agents. Herein, authors review the breakthroughs that hold the hope to improve SCLC outcomes.

    • Joshua Yard. Sabari
    • Benjamin H. Lok
    • Charles M. Rudin

    Review Article

  • EMT, CSCs, and drug resistance: the mechanistic link and clinical implications

    Co-ordinate to the cancer stem cell (CSC) paradigm, a pocket-size subpopulation of cancer cells with stem-cell backdrop predominantly underlies tumour progression, therapy resistance, and affliction recurrence. Notably, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is implicated in these processes, and CSCs typically show markers of EMT-plan activation. Herein, the authors outline our current agreement of the links between the EMT programme, the CSC phenotype, metastasis, and drug resistance, and discuss the potential for therapeutic targeting of these facets of tumour biology.

    • Tsukasa Shibue
    • Robert A. Weinberg

    Review Commodity